PDF Download: Ground and Surface Water Hydrology for Engineers and Scientists

This book may be used for at least three different undergraduate courses including:1. First course with an emphasis in surface water hydrology2. First course with emphasis in groundwater hydrology3. First course in hydrology with similar emphasis on ground and surface water hydrology.

Ground and Surface Water Hydrology download pdf

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Groundwater modeling is approached through the development of basic concepts and principles including the occurrence and movement of groundwater, and groundwater and well hydraulics. The basic equations used in the MODFLOW model are developed so the student has a basic understanding of how the model works, followed by example applications.

Surface water modeling takes a similar approach to develop the concepts and principles. As an example the fundamental principles for infiltration approaches, the unit hydrograph approach, the hydrologic routing approaches, and the kinematic wave model used in the HEC-HMS model are described in detail. Floodplain analysis principles are developed so that the student has a fundamental understanding of the hydrologic and hydraulic analysis that is performed. Coverage involves the principles of the hydraulic analysis used in the HEC-RAS model for steady-state water surface profile analysis.

Floodplain analysis principles are developed so that the student has a fundamental understanding of the hydrologic and hydraulic analysis that is performed. Coverage includes the principles of the hydraulic analysis used in the HEC-RAS model for both steady-state water surface profile analysis and unsteady flow analysis. Probabilistic approaches not only include floodflow frequency analysis but also rainfall frequency analysis.

Surface water hydrology related design topics include hydrologic design for water supply and design approaches for stormwater management including: stormwater sewer systems, detention basins, and infiltration basins. Hydrologic design for water supply is also includes evapotranspiration calculations using the Penman-Monteith equation and storage-firm yield analysis and sequent peak analysis. Design coverage also includes approaches for risk/reliability-based design to include the various hydrologic and hydraulic design uncertainties.

Hydrologic measurement is covered including topics in atmosphere-land interface measurements, discharge measurement, streamflow measurement, subsurface water measurement, and hydrologic monitoring systems.

The hydrology of a small quaking fen was investigated by measuring all components of the water budget. Water-level measurements indicated that the fen is a focus for groundwater discharge, and that there is a lateral (subsurface) flow from the fen toward surrounding areas during most of the year. The hydrology, however, is strongly influenced by man, as water tables are maintained during dry periods by pumping water into the area. This action results in a reversal of flow patterns as surface water from a ditch infiltrates the fen and groundwater recharge occurs.

Two approaches for calculation of groundwater and surface water terms were compared. The two procedures differ in the way that vertical and horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the soil is calculated. Hydraulic conductivity estimated from in situ tube experiments was one to two orders of magnitude lower than hydraulic conductivity estimates from numerical water budget analyses.

SCDNR maintains a groundwater-level monitoring network of more than 180 wells in the State. Most of these wells are equipped with automatic data recorders that record water levels on an hourly basis, while the remaining wells are measured manually four to six times per year. Most wells have been measured since the mid-to-late 1990s, although a number of wells have been monitored longer, with one dating back to 1955. SCDNR groundwater data can be viewed and download here.

GSFLOW is a coupled Groundwater and Surface-water FLOW model based on the integration of the USGS Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS-V) and the USGS Modular Groundwater Flow Model (MODFLOW-2005 and MODFLOW-NWT). GSFLOW was developed to simulate coupled groundwater/surface-water flow in one or more watersheds by simultaneously simulating flow across the land surface, within subsurface saturated and unsaturated materials, and within streams and lakes. Climate data consisting of measured or estimated precipitation, air temperature, and solar radiation, as well as groundwater stresses (such as withdrawals) and boundary conditions are the driving factors for a GSFLOW simulation.

GSFLOW operates on a daily time step. In addition to the MODFLOW variable-length stress period used to specify changes in stress or boundary conditions, GSFLOW uses internal daily stress periods for adding recharge to the water table and calculating flows to streams and lakes. Specified stream inflow over boundaries, internal stream-diversion flow rates, and groundwater-pumping flow rates can be specified using time-series input files that allow these stresses to vary during each time step.

GSFLOW can be used to evaluate the effects of such factors as land-use change, climate variability, and groundwater withdrawals on surface and subsurface flow for watersheds that range from a few square kilometers to several thousand square kilometers, and for time periods that range from months to several decades.

Regan, R.S., Niswonger, R.G., Markstrom, S.L., and Barlow, P.M., 2015, Documentation of a restart option for the U.S. Geological Survey coupled groundwater and surface-water flow (GSFLOW) model: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 6, chap. D3, 19 p.

Ely, D.M., and Kahle, S.C., 2012, Simulation of groundwater and surface-water resources and evaluation of water-management alternatives for the Chamokane Creek basin, Stevens County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5224, 74 p.

Gannett, M.W., Lite, K.E., Jr., Risley, J.C., Pischel, E.M., and La Marche, J.L., 2017, Simulation of groundwater and surface-water flow in the upper Deschutes Basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017-5097, 68 p.,

Hunt, R.J., Westenbroek, S.M., Walker, J.F., Selbig, W.R., Regan, R.S., Leaf, A.T., and Saad, D.A., 2016, Simulation of climate change effects on streamflow, groundwater, and stream temperature using GSFLOW and SNTEMP in the Black Earth Creek Watershed, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016-5091, 117 p.,

Huntington, J.L., and Niswonger, R.G., 2012, Role of surface-water and groundwater interactions on projected summertime streamflow in snow dominated regions: An integrated modeling approach : Water Resources Research, vol. 48, W11524, doi: 10.1029/2012WR012319.

Woolfenden, L.R., and Nishikawa, Tracy, eds., 2014, Simulation of groundwater and surface-water resources of the Santa Rosa Plain watershed, Sonoma County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5052, 258 p.,

PEST is a model-independent parameter estimation package which can communicate with any model through the model's own input and output files. PEST can be used for nonlinear parameter estimation and predictive analysis in many different fields of study including ground and surface water hydrology, geophysics, engineering and others.

This is the old style water quality text file that displays the major cations and anions for each well along a row. Be advised that the values in this download may be detection limit values, not actual measured values. Please use the reports above to obtain all water quality values for the well and to check for detection limit values. Select the county below and press the "Download CSV" button to download the file.

WSPG (Water Surface Pressure Gradient) is a hydraulic software that computes uniform and non-uniform steady flow water surface profiles and pressure gradients in a network of open channels and closed conduits. This tool, originally developed by the Los Angeles County Flood Control District, has been upgraded by Innovyze and is available to download free of charge.

WSPG is a hydraulic analysis system that computes and plots uniform and non-uniform steady flow water surface profiles and pressure gradients in open channels or closed conduits with irregular or regular sections. Last update March 2002. (PDF) View Report

Georgia monitors its rivers, streams, lakes, reservoirs, estuaries, beaches, wetlands, and groundwater. Water quality monitoring in Georgia began in the 1960s. The data collected by EPD is maintained in the Georgia Environmental Monitoring and Assessment System, also known as GOMAS. This water quality data, in addition to water quality data collected by municipal wastewater permit holders as part of their Watershed Assessment and Watershed Protection Plan requirements, is available through the GOMAS Public Database Portal. The database contains data for common water quality parameters as measured in streams, rivers, and lakes across the state. The User Interface allows the user to enter search criteria by monitoring station number, waterbody name (stream name), geopolitical boundary (county), watershed boundary (Hydrological Unit Codes, River Basin), and other parameters.

Georgia EPD monitors water quality and water levels in eight aquifers and periodically conducts special studies on groundwater quality such as arsenic, radionuclides, and pesticides. The Georgia Ground-Water Monitoring Network is designed to evaluate the ambient groundwater quality present in Georgia. Groundwater monitoring data, as well as geological maps and information, are published in the Georgia Geologic Survey Publications.

The fourth level of classification is the cataloging unit, thesmallest element in the hierarchy of hydrologic units. A catalogingunit is a geographic area representing part of all of a surfacedrainage basin, a combination of drainage basins, or a distincthydrologic feature. These units subdivide the subregions andaccounting units into smaller areas. There are 2264 CatalogingUnits in the Nation. Cataloging Units sometimes are called "watersheds". 2ff7e9595c